Chapter V
A probabilistic ananthropic model of universe
A probabilistic ananthropic model of
the universe is proposed, characterized by the following proposals :
1)
The structure of the universe is made up of matter-energy. The standard model of the particles is the
model which describes best, at the present time, microcosm. The theories of the superstrings, which are tempting
but still very speculative, are not validated yet.
2)
Physical and nonmathematical space is the framework where the phenomena,
macroscopic or microscopic, occur. Thus
conceived, it is the container of matter-energy ( content ). Its characteristic is the vacuum or
nothingness. It cannot thus be
curved. The space-time of Special
Relativity relates to space measurements of rigid bodies located in space,
according to their situation of movement or rest but not the spatial vacuum. It is the same for time for the Special
Relativity which does not relates to time but temporal measurements of the
clocks at rest or moving. The geodesic
ones of General Relativity are the trajectories, curved by the presence of
matter-energy, of the particles of test in an empty physical space but not this
empty space. Quantum space cannot be
regarded as an empty physical space since it is filled with quantum fluctuations and virtual
particles. The probabilistic ananthropic
model of the universe proposes a temporalist model where the empty physical
space, frame of the phenomena, is filled with gravitons, a source of the
temporalist gravitation to finished range. The geodesic ones of General Relativity
describe the minimal trajectories, i.e. probabilistic, of the particles of
test, curved by the gravific disturbance of the temporalist field generated by
the presence of matter-energy and not the curve of space. The Casimir effect is a natural consequence
of the existence of the temporalist gravific field ( Chapter 9: The temporalist gravitation < http://site.voila.fr/nobigbang >).
3)In its temporalist model < http://site.voila.fr/nobigbang > ( Chapter 5: The concept of time ) founded on the
hypothesis of the fundamental asymmetry of time, the author proposes a concept
of time based on the interpretation of the redshift of the remote
galaxies. This time T = 1 / Ho (constant
of Hubble) was established theoretically in 1962 by the author. Its value is equal to 4,5546 10^17 seconds is
approximately 14,43 billion years. After
more than 150.000 observations of redshifts and several tens of years, NASA
passed from a few billion years to 13,7 + - 5 % billion years for the estimate
" age of universe " ( WMAP 2002-2004 ). The project SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey),
with the study of the redshift of 221.414 galaxies does not modify this
estimate.
Time T of the temporalist universe
is time limit of the redshift of the photon (similar to its speed limit
c). It does not constitute an " age
" of universe. In the temporalist
model, there is no absolute time. One
must conceive relative times to the various phenomena or systems ( duration of
evolution of stars, galaxies, galaxies clusters, etc…), without given limits.
4)
The postulate of the Special Relativity of the constancy of the speed of
the light c in the vacuum and its limiting value in the speed of transmission
of the physical phenomena cannot be transgressed without physical
validation.
5)
The models which consider the creation of matter-energy and space-time
ex nihilo either at moment zero of the Big Bang, or continuously ( stationary
universe ), or at one time Pre-Big Bang violate the Principle of conservation
of energy and the Principle of Reality.
They are not “ falsifiable "
and are the consequence of the expansion of the universe, the interpretation of
the redshift of the remote galaxies disputed by the temporalist model. The cosmological expansion, i.e. of space,
which involves the galaxies, is contradictory with the concept of an empty
physical space which can neither be curved nor a fortiori expanding.
6)
The concept of finality, which relates to primarily biological sciences,
establishes a dichotomy in the description of the living organisms and the
inanimate matter which does not have any theoretical or scientific
justification. The same concepts of
organs, functions, " advantages ", " adaptations " and
" natural selection " imply utilitarian considerations and value
judgments incompatible with the ananthropic statute. A probabilistic model of the biological
evolution free from any finality is proposed:
< http://site.voila.fr/dinosaurs >
7) The concept of optimization or
maximum effectiveness exists in many physical or biological sciences. This concept, appears, in last analysis, as
the anthropic translation of the ananthropic concept of dominant or
preponderant probability.
8) The Second Principle of the
Thermodynamics which minimizes, by the probability, the evolution of the order
in a closed system out of balance is a concept of optimization and thus, in
last analysis, a concept of probability.
Next : VI
Evidence and arguments of the probabilistic model of universe
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